View Full Version : Adolf Hitler: Unseen color slides to be published.
35mmdelux
06-07-2009, 06:51
Never before published color slides of Adolf Hitler to be published by Life.com.
Here: http://www.life.com/image/50537869/in-gallery/27022/adolf-hitler-up-close
The question I have always asked: How could this man have taken a civilized and educated German nation to the abyss of destruction?
Hitler's place in history is known -- though of course new analyses will keep coming up. His physical appearance is, I think, of supreme irrelevance.
martin s
06-07-2009, 07:33
I like how Life suggests "You might also like... Adolf Hitler: Among the crowds" and "The worlds bloodiest battles", I sure like those... "You might also be interested in .." or something would work better imo.
martin
35mmdelux
06-07-2009, 10:01
Hitler's place in history is known -- though of course new analyses will keep coming up. His physical appearance is, I think, of supreme irrelevance.
I disagree that it is supremely irrelevant. These fotos are simply part of the complete record. Body language & symbolism is an element in power, not just mental acuity.
Florian1234
06-07-2009, 10:18
The question I have always asked: How could this man have taken a civilized and educated German nation to the abyss of destruction?
This question or the possible answers to it fill whole libraries. Hint: Read Kershaw's biography (which is, of course, not free from points to need critique).
Analysing what I happen to know, my conclusion is that Adolf Hitler was an extremely capable man, but these capabilities would never materialize in the way they did, unless for the historycal circumstances Germany was passing since the begining of the 20th century, and specially after the Versailles Treaty.
Hitler's stereotype as a fanatic mad, framed by Charlie Chaplin, happened to answer both to our deepest fears, and the allyies needs. But read even excerpts of Main Kampf, or even better, study how skilfully and with highest personal manners, he managed to hold together the high German military command splitted during adversity under diverging and unconciliable opinions after the D-Day, and you will discover that the stereotype is not but a stereotype.
I am not among those who believe the place of man in History is unrelevant, or secondary to circumstances. Not at all. Had Hitler been assasinated on time, for all the supporting hystorical circumstances, the fate of the 20th century after WWI, would have been absolutely different.
The history of the US did change due to the assasination of Abraham Lincoln. He left a vacum unfilled by many subsequent Presidents. The history of the USSR did change due to the assasination of Lenin. He was the key strategist, and the only leader there able to maintain the unity of the central committee, his assasination leading to Stalin rise.
Hence that in my opinion, everything concerning Hitler's life and actions is of great importance in the understanding of WWII, the photos -as unpleasant as they may be- and I would say rather disturbing, are of great documentary weight.
Cheers,
Ruben
Spider67
06-07-2009, 10:31
I read parts of Kershaws Hitler biography.
It seems that ridiculous people to horrible things to prove that they are not ridiculous at all.
His opponoents - the intellectual writers and journalists - were described as having ridiculed and laughed at him for so long until they found themselves in the concentration camps.
....Part of the answer may be the yearning for someone who takes hard measures in hard times. In Austria a member of our parliament is accusing the head of Austria's main Jewish organisation (who's a real estate broker) of financing leftist radicals.....just like a thousand years ago (In Nazism 1933-45 was a bit short they wanted to last 1000 years)
Obama at Buchenwald:
"And just as we identify with the victims, it's also important for us I think to remember that the perpetrators of such evil were human, as well, and that we have to guard against cruelty in ourselves."
zuikologist
06-07-2009, 11:18
This is interesting, thanks for the post.
Frank Petronio
06-07-2009, 11:42
A lot of the National Socialist ideology reflected mainstream and sometimes intellectual opinion of the times. Great Americans Margaret Sanger and Henry Ford philosophies were readily taken up by the Nazis. "New Age" author Anne Morrow Lindbergh wrote that Hitler's Germany was the wave of the future, superior to bloated, stupid democracies and vile evil communism. She had a point considering how robust the German economy and culture revived itself after the Nazi's took power. The average German tripled their earning power and prosperity in the 1930s -- that was hard to resist.
In no way excusing Hitler for his heinous deeds, France and England seemed to do almost everything they could to box Germany into a corner, while the USA did likewise to Japan. While Hitler deserves to be damned, stupid leaders like Churchill and Roosevelt deserve almost as much of our spite. Had their foreign policy been based on practical realities, the Jews would not have been gassed, Stalin would not have killed tens of millions, and the whole bloody war could have been avoided.
Showing that Hitler was a human being, outside the Marx Brothers stereotype, is important to see, especially in this time when America is being led by a charismatic orator with such high approval ratings and even outright worship.
i think that all stories about wwii and hitler are too much distorted because of superior position of britain in post war propaganda. before war hitler was very respectable leader - he was chosen as Man of the year by time magazine in 1938. so things are not so black and white - many people dont want to accept this - but i think in 100 years we will probably have a bit more realistic view about what realy happened in wwii...
i think like all wars it was simply about finances and domination and not about genocide and racism...
crawdiddy
06-07-2009, 12:22
i think that all stories about wwii and hitler are too much distorted because of superior position of britain in post war propaganda. before war hitler was very respectable leader - he was chosen as Man of the year by time magazine in 1938. so things are not so black and white - many people dont want to accept this - but i think in 100 years we will probably have a bit more realistic view about what realy happened in wwii...
i think like all wars it was simply about finances and domination and not about genocide and racism...
Wow. You may be right insofar as Hitler only cared about domination. Racism may have been more of a tool for him than a motivation.
However, once you have attempted genocide, and demonstrate the coldblooded efficiency of the Nazis, then its all about the genocide and racism.
Ask the survivors (Jews, gypsies, Communists, homosexuals, dark-skinned individuals) and they'll tell you.
Wow. You may be right insofar as Hitler only cared about domination. Racism may have been more of a tool for him than a motivation.
However, once you have attempted genocide, and demonstrate the coldblooded efficiency of the Nazis, then its all about the genocide and racism.
it may be true - i wont confront that. i just want to take all historical facts with grain of salt - because britain have a long history of faking facts and using them for their goals. i know it sounds like i am defending nazis but it is not a case - i just think that others werent so innocent as they pretend to be. first concentration camps in modern world were made by british. antisemitism was dominant in all european countries - and after war they pretended it was only in germany. allies didnt defend jewish people during the war - they were only protecting their interests... if they were defending jewis they would go to war much much earlier - but they chose to sacrifice czech and poland and waited until germans were at their door...
Frank Petronio
06-07-2009, 14:05
Actually, by using the invasion of Poland as a pretext for declaring war on Germany, when Poland was a lost cause to either Stalin or Hitler either way, England started the damn war. Dumb dumb dumb.
Or France and England collaborating behind their ally Italy's back to allow Hitler's appropriation of Austria left Italy no other choice but to ally itself with the Axis.
Such wonderful diplomacy!
Actually, by using the invasion of Poland as a pretext for declaring war on Germany, when Poland was a lost cause to either Stalin or Hitler either way, England started the damn war. Dumb dumb dumb.
Or France and England collaborating behind their ally Italy's back to allow Hitler's appropriation of Austria left Italy no other choice but to ally itself with the Axis.
Such wonderful diplomacy!
I understand what you are saying , but I actually think that it was Hitler who was dumb dumb dumb. I say this not from a position of ignorance.
As a military commander he sucked, sucked sucked.
His most outstanding victories were his early ones. These were achieved partly thru his supreme audaciousness - no one believed he actually could be serious about what he threatened so they did not prepare properly. No one actually believed he could be so insane as to start a world war. Moreover and this is the big thing, at that time he actually still listened to his generals who were among the most professional and capable soldiers in the world. His famous blitzkreig on the continent was planned and conducted by his senior military and he followed their plan although he later claimed credit. Later he believed his own propaganda and suffered defeat after defeat (thank God.) This was probably the last occasion on which he actually listened to their advice and took it.
He attacked Britain and was within a hairs breath of defeating their airforce which was what was needed to make way for an invasion, when abruptly and inexplicably he changed his tactics and began terror bombing of London instead. He did not even complete this. Part way thru he lost interest and commenced Operation Barbarossa leading ultimately to a war on two fronts. Not only this, when he did undertake the Russian campaign he divided his forces - part being sent north towards Moscow and part east towards the Baikal oil fields. Something a soldier learns never to do. When the tide turned he refused to allow his generals to run the battles from their position at the front and tried to direct command from thousands of kilometers behind the lines refusing to allow them to even make tactical withdrawals to regroup. Leading of course to their utter destruction.
When Japan attacked America Hitler inexplicably declared war on USA with results that were predictable. This still astounds military historians. Why did he do it. So of course Germany lost. No nation could ultimately stand against the greatest industrial power in the world at the time in a war that after all was a war about logisitics - as all modern conventional wars are.
If he was a good General he would have understood this.
When the Normandy invasion occurred he held to his illogical belief that this was a diversion and refused to release German forces at a critical time of the battle , holding them back for the "real" invasion, which of course, never came. Then throughout the battle on the continent he went on diverting essential military supplies to his mad plan for the final solution instead of concentrating on winning the war. The list of Hitler's mistakes as a leader and commander goes on and on and on.
All because he had an overweaning belief in his own superiority as a commander, a mad belief in his own destiny and refused to the professional soldiers who fought for him. I think he can be accurately classified as a madman if extreme psychopathy, grandiosity and megolomania qualify someone as mad. Personally I think they do. (Or would you prefer that he was called a monster. All of these epithets are fitting in my view.)
"It seems that ridiculous people to horrible things to prove that they are not ridiculous at all."
I agree with this. If you read about say psychopathy you will see that this is a kind of feature. Psychopaths often had problems early in their life and have something to prove to the world. SO they brutalize every one they come into contact with - unless they need to charm them. And psychopaths are the ultimate charmers when they have to be. As Hitler was although I think his diagnosis would be more than simple pyschopathy. His genius - if this is the right word was that somehow he captured the zeitgeist - the spirit of the times in Germany which was a great nation but sufferred from hubris after their defeat in WW1 and the humiliation of Versailles. He offerred to restore the country's greatness and they fell for it.
Not only this, when he did undertake the Russian campaign he divided his forces - part being sent north towards Moscow and part east towards the Baikal oil fields.
You must be confusing Baikal with Baku: places many thousand kilometers apart. Also, he lost Russian campaign (and then the whole war) by a very thin margin: it was on the verge in 1941-42. The biggest consequence of declaration of war to the USA was indirect military aid to the allies it then provided, not some direct military confrontation. If not the lend-lease, USSR possibly couldn't hold up.
Not saying that Hitler was a good strategist, just that some things are easy to find obvious with hindsight.
You must be confusing Baikal with Baku: places many thousand kilometers apart. Also, he lost Russian campaign (and then the whole war) by a very thin margin: it was on the verge in 1941-42. The biggest consequence of declaration of war to the USA was indirect military aid to the allies it then provided, not some direct military confrontation. If not the lend-lease, USSR possibly couldn't hold up.
Not saying that Hitler was a good strategist, just that some things are easy to find obvious with hindsight.
You are right of course, my mind made the wrong association. My wife is Russian - she would kill me. Shhhhhhhhhhhh!
Brian Sweeney
06-07-2009, 15:48
You don't fight a three front war. He was an idiot. The Russian Winter did his Luftwaffe and Army in on the Eastern Front. He did his best Generals in after they tried to get rid of him. The Corporal that micromanaged the War down to making an ME-262 into a bomber. "The Smallest Child can See that it is a Fighter" he was told. Oversimplified? Maybe. That's what I got out of the book "The First and the Last" by Adolf Galland. I also attended Galland's lecture in the 1980's that he gave for Virginia Bader. Adolf Galland was in charge of the Fighter wings of the Luftwaffe. Until he questioned Goering and was sent back to an operational squadron of ME-262's. He was German.
I read a number of books written by author's that fought on both sides of the War. It gave a good perspective. One of my other favorite books was "The Blond Knight of Germany", the story of Erich Hartman. I also met him in 1972 during a Transpo exhibition. He fought against the Russians, and downed 352 aircraft. He did not think much of Hitler, either.
"The future," Hitler once said to Jaeger, "belongs to color photography."
The quality of some of these colour images is startling and being somewhat of a photo history luddite I hadn't realised it (colour slide) was around at that time!
We can talk about war and politics any time by the way ... but here it will get the thread closed in no time at all I suspect! :rolleyes:
35mmdelux
06-07-2009, 16:47
Was Jaeger shooting Leica is what Id like to know? What type slide -- Kodachromes? I also want to know why these werent published earlier, given that they were in Life magazine hands?
<TKS for the history lesson>
Frank Petronio
06-07-2009, 16:53
True, had Hitler been a bit saner we'd probably be looking at memorials to the guy for defeating communism!
What was the film and its speed? I wonder how it held up?
35mmdelux
06-07-2009, 17:04
Good question, Frank. Various slides read 1938 meaning 70 yrs old. Possibly asa 10, wonder what emulsion? USA or Reich? These should be in a museum for photo historians to evaluate. Some appeared to have weaker color but a little p-shop should punch the colors right back.
Incidentally despite my post which might suggest that I think MrHitler was not a particularly nice man (ahem) I am still interested in the period and its history and so thanks very much for the post. The pictures are fascinating. In fact there is still huge interest in the Nazi period, it holds a kind of weird pull on people - perhaps its those spiffy uniforms :^)
Is anyone else here old enough to remember that maybe 20 years back someone did some research on the best selling topics for non fiction books and when he found the answer he published his own - which he called "Cat Surfing for Nazis" I guess these were the topics.
I wonder how many more pix of the führer are going to come like a blast from the past. If he'd had a good publicity agent he would be making a fortune.The pictures are interesting to see and looking at him one would wonder why people would follow him to destruction, but when one reads his speeches, one can almost understand how he propelled the german volk to its dizzy heights.
Hugo Jaeger's life is amazing. If you didn't read the captions below the photo's you missed it. This would make a great movie. How that man kept those photos buried until 1955 being able to go & unearth them from time to time amazes me.
35mmdelux
06-07-2009, 19:43
If he'd had a good publicity agent he would be making a fortune.
Well, he did make a fortune off the royalties from Mein Kampf and the business transaction stamps carrying his likeness. He was pretty well-to-do even before the plundering began.
outfitter
06-07-2009, 20:21
Germany and World War II is a serious topic beyond the scope of this forum. For a somewhat different and eyeopening perspective I highly recommend: Hitler's Empire: How the Nazis Ruled Europe by Mark Mazower.
I have always been fascinated by color photography and film of the WWII era as its adds an immediacy to the images and of course highlights the gaudy trappings of the Nazis. Does anyone know whether these slides were made with Agfa or Kodachrome?
These are pictures of a immensely brutal man, in a totally crazy time. Which makes these pictures interesting.
To charm the elders, in Hitler's very political beginning, Hitler adopted this tyrolian mustache. These single toothbrush mustaches were popular among elderly farmers of Tyrol. Hitler wanted to portray himself as a young man of 'old & conservative values', by wearing this mustache. By this looking like a 30 year old grandfather, sort of.
This is not very unlike these young muslim freedom fighters of today, wearing a heavy beard, just like their grandfathers. This mustache became a trademark for Hitler, but looked silly when he starts to wear uniforms, at the top of his career.
There is another parallell too. Many of the muslim extremists of al Qaida and Taleban are among the 'walking wounded' of the Sovjet - Afgan War. Totally crazy people, to put it simple. Hitler, obviously, was among the walking wounded of the WW I, - and totally crazy too. Along with a lot of others of his generation. A good example of how a war brutalizes people. The WW I led to the WWII in more than one way.
Sure, the victors write the history, but it is difficult to get around Hitler's holocaust. With more than 7 million people, from small children to old folks, 'vernichtet', that's pritty extraordinary. And implicating a whole nation in the process. An outragous act. I know a lot of people who still got problems with befriending 'Germans'.
JeffGreene
06-08-2009, 06:52
My brother-in-law is Jewish and to this day he will not purchase German products or allow them in his home. He lost the entire European side of his family in the holocaust. Of course. we are talking here only about strongly branded products. I'm sure there are other German products he unwittingly uses.
Some years ago his son brought home a young female German student he had met at University. He refused her admittance to his home. Some people can never forgive.
Respectfully,
My brother-in-law is Jewish and to this day he will not purchase German products or allow them in his home. He lost the entire European side of his family in the holocaust. Of course. we are talking here only about strongly branded products. I'm sure there are other German products he unwittingly uses.
Some years ago his son brought home a young female German student he had met at University. He refused her admittance to his home. Some people can never forgive.
Respectfully,
that is also form of racism just coming from the other side. no german from today did him harm and he still hates them...
that is also form of racism just coming from the other side. no german from today did him harm and he still hates them...
Some people just don't like their family killed. Get over it.
Some people just don't like their family killed. Get over it.
i have family members killed by croatian people but i still go to croatia and dont hate anybody but killers.
so i think it is not so hard to do for everybody...
back alley
06-08-2009, 07:55
photo forum....
i absolutely agree - but sometimes conversation just wander off in some strange direction - it happens in life too you know. sometimes you are on job and someone ask you about your family or something - and you dont shout at him - "we are at job for gods sake!"
so i think if conversation is polite - there is no point in censoring it...
back alley
06-08-2009, 08:03
not censoring...reminding, and not just you.
censoring would be deleting posts.
not censoring...reminding, and not just you.
censoring would be deleting posts.
i know i was not upset or criticizing you or nikonh... - just making a lighthearted comment. i think that people just have to relax in communication both here and in real life.
also i am sorry for word censoring - i maybe used a bit strong word...
This thread probably should be about the historical photos, how they were taken, what film was used, who took them.
The world is really screwed up at a major level --- duh.
So, not apparent in the link in the original post, but may have seen it somewhere else...is this Agfachrome, Kodachrome or something else? Looks to be 135 size, though
So, not apparent in the link in the original post, but may have seen it somewhere else...is this Agfachrome, Kodachrome or something else? Looks to be 135 size, though
lets try to guess what he used -
from dof in photos of those actresses which are in very low light which means aperture was wide open - it seems it is 135 format.
also if aperture was f1.5 on that one and around 1.5 -2 on 9th photo where hitler is among the cars.
lets say that light on those indoors was around ev3-4, and he used f1.5
since on every photo there is a bit blurring of movement -he must have used really slow speeds. so it is probably 25 asa slide film. and since there is no swirly bokeh of xenon - i suppose he used zeiss glass - sonnar f1.5 maybe?
and also i can be totally wrong... :)
edit: now i see that only kodachrome 10 and 16 asa existed in 1938 so it is probably 16 asa used for these...
Brian Sweeney
06-08-2009, 11:16
The first post on this thread threw it open to debate, by asking the question that followed the link.
The photo's do not look like Kodachrome: it did not fade this badly under most conditions. Of course, I do not know how they were stored. I've seen Kodachrome slides over 50 years old that looked as good as the day they were developed. I've shot Kodachrome II over 40 years ago, looks great. Agfachrome, 3M, and Anscochrome: faded badly on me.
The first post on this thread threw it open to debate, by asking the question that followed the link.
The photo's do not look like Kodachrome: it did not fade this badly under most conditions. Of course, I do not know how they were stored. I've seen Kodachrome slides over 50 years old that looked as good as the day they were developed. I've shot Kodachrome II over 40 years ago, looks great. Agfachrome, 3M, and Anscochrome: faded badly on me.
oh you are absolutely right - it must be agfachrome - it was produced in germany so chances are much bigger - i made mistake because i thought they introduced it later - but now i see it was made in 1936...
On some of the scans you can see those rounded corners, characteristic to Kodak processing service slide mounts. Did Agfa mount the slides similarly back in mid-30s too?
Back in the 30' you had to mount the slides yourself into the slide frames. The slide frames themselves were small mechanical wonders ten times the cost/price of today. At least. Could it be that these pictures has been scanned in the frames? It could also be that the cameras back then had this round-corners-signature.
Hitler loved watching films. He even saw Chaplin's The Great Dictator and had a good laugh, - but had it banned from viewing in Germany. (After German protests, both the Norwegian and the Swedish governments had to ban the film back in the 30'). And it is mentioned that he also saw slides shows presented by both Jaeger and Hofmann and even both photographs and colour films taken by his mistress Eva Braun. She was quite a good photographer.
CK Dexter Haven
06-10-2009, 07:33
Can anyone recommend a book - a good overview of Hitler himself, and his context in the war, including the aforementioned military decisions? I was never interested in history when i was younger. [I'll also look into Hitler's Empire: How the Nazis Ruled Europe by Mark Mazower - thanks, "outfitter"]
Hitler in color - wow. He looks so much more 'human' than in the b+w images/footage. Perhaps it's the occasional smiles, as well. It's a fascinating topic. And, people must be forgiven for mentioning the pain still associated with these matters. Even though it may have begun as a thread about photographs, the subject matter is still sensitive. I don't see how it can be separated. We're not really talking about photographs that are meant to be evaluated for aesthetic concerns. This IS a historical record. How do you talk about the pictures and remove the history?
There is a lot of Hitler biographies around. A few stands out. Like Alan Bullock's (1961) 'Hitler, a study in Tyranny', which was one of the first that was written and still one of the best.
Then 'Hitler, Eine Biographie' (1973), totally boring brickstone, but most likely a very correct historical reference work of 900 pages, written by the German historian, Joachim Fest.
Interestingly, one of the best books I have read about Hitler is 'The Hitler Book' (2005), which is a translation of the secret dossier prepared for Stalin based on interogations of Hitler's closest personal aids. Here, we read that Hitler gave the orders to bring about 'die endlösung des Judenfrage'. Written proof and witnesses confirming that Hitler did indeed give such orders are difficult to find. But under interogation by the NKVD - under torture, no doubt, many of Hitler's aids did confirm that Hitler gave such orders. Among the aids confirming this were Hitler's adjutants, Heinz Linge and Otto Günche. The translators have corrected a few names and dates, obvious minor mistakes, except for this, 'The Hitler Book' is a very important addition to the research of Hitler's life.
There has been released 'tonns' of picture books of Hitler and his private entourage. He was surounded by good photographers who had as a mission to take pictures to document the history and use the pictures in the propaganda. I suspect that Time/Life has the copyright to much of the good stuff, like the many colour photographs.
35mmdelux
06-14-2009, 06:38
To Time / Life -- Dislcose all photographs in your possession regarding this man and turn them over for proper recordation and study by historians.
I understand what you are saying , but I actually think that it was Hitler who was dumb dumb dumb. I say this not from a position of ignorance.
As a military commander he sucked, sucked sucked.
His most outstanding victories were his early ones. These were achieved partly thru his supreme audaciousness - no one believed he actually could be serious about what he threatened so they did not prepare properly. No one actually believed he could be so insane as to start a world war. Moreover and this is the big thing, at that time he actually still listened to his generals who were among the most professional and capable soldiers in the world. His famous blitzkreig on the continent was planned and conducted by his senior military and he followed their plan although he later claimed credit. Later he believed his own propaganda and suffered defeat after defeat (thank God.) This was probably the last occasion on which he actually listened to their advice and took it.
He attacked Britain and was within a hairs breath of defeating their airforce which was what was needed to make way for an invasion, when abruptly and inexplicably he changed his tactics and began terror bombing of London instead. He did not even complete this. Part way thru he lost interest and commenced Operation Barbarossa leading ultimately to a war on two fronts. Not only this, when he did undertake the Russian campaign he divided his forces - part being sent north towards Moscow and part east towards the Baikal oil fields. Something a soldier learns never to do. When the tide turned he refused to allow his generals to run the battles from their position at the front and tried to direct command from thousands of kilometers behind the lines refusing to allow them to even make tactical withdrawals to regroup. Leading of course to their utter destruction.
When Japan attacked America Hitler inexplicably declared war on USA with results that were predictable. This still astounds military historians. Why did he do it. So of course Germany lost. No nation could ultimately stand against the greatest industrial power in the world at the time in a war that after all was a war about logisitics - as all modern conventional wars are.
If he was a good General he would have understood this.
When the Normandy invasion occurred he held to his illogical belief that this was a diversion and refused to release German forces at a critical time of the battle , holding them back for the "real" invasion, which of course, never came. Then throughout the battle on the continent he went on diverting essential military supplies to his mad plan for the final solution instead of concentrating on winning the war. The list of Hitler's mistakes as a leader and commander goes on and on and on.
All because he had an overweaning belief in his own superiority as a commander, a mad belief in his own destiny and refused to the professional soldiers who fought for him. I think he can be accurately classified as a madman if extreme psychopathy, grandiosity and megolomania qualify someone as mad. Personally I think they do. (Or would you prefer that he was called a monster. All of these epithets are fitting in my view.)
"It seems that ridiculous people to horrible things to prove that they are not ridiculous at all."
I agree with this. If you read about say psychopathy you will see that this is a kind of feature. Psychopaths often had problems early in their life and have something to prove to the world. SO they brutalize every one they come into contact with - unless they need to charm them. And psychopaths are the ultimate charmers when they have to be. As Hitler was although I think his diagnosis would be more than simple pyschopathy. His genius - if this is the right word was that somehow he captured the zeitgeist - the spirit of the times in Germany which was a great nation but sufferred from hubris after their defeat in WW1 and the humiliation of Versailles. He offerred to restore the country's greatness and they fell for it.
Hi Peter,
I would like to note that in your description Hitler appears as the sole decision making factor at the German side, while to my understanding he was the final decision making factor.
It may appear as if both things are the same but my definition leaves room for one of the most important aspects of his military behaviour: high respect for his generals, their opinions and the unity within his staff - a unity to be maintained not by fear but compromise and consensus.
Thus, before the Normandy invasion, the German high command was split about how to prepare for the foreseen invasion on any of the France northern coasts. The German military leadership was deeply split between two camps: on one hand field marshall Gerd von Rundstedt maintained that the allied invasion must be defeated on the sea and by no means allowed to land on France soil, while on the other hand the legendary Rommel, was convinced it would be unpossible to stop the allyies landing and therefore they should be beaten in land Eropean battle.
Both conceptions had an extremely diverging implication as for the actual deployment of the German army. While Rundstedt theory required a massive and thick alignment along the coasts, having a cathastrophic implication for the German army once the line would be breached, Rommel wanted to concentrate the main of the German Army in different strategic spots inland, in order to be able to discharge counter offensives.
You can imagine the pressure, the heat, the implications of all these issues within the German highest decision makers. Once not long ago, watching a TV doco advertizing Hitler's stupid mind vis a vis the allied invasion, I was deeply impressed by his diplomatic mediation between his generals, making the issue of their unity the most important of all.
This kind of superior vision, qualifies him very far from the Chaplin stereotype.
Concerning the military outcome of the dispute, Hitler took a middle way, splitting the forces into three plans, one according to Rundstedt theory, the other following Rommel's theory, and the third under Hitler's direct command. Not bad in my view as the third alternative left him the option for the unexpected.
Another example of Hitler's fine grain touch was general Von Paulus return to Germany, after loosing the battle of Stalingrad, and perhaps the fate of WWII. While Hitler urged Paulus time and again not to surrender and keep the pressure on the Soviets, and the poor Paulus could not take it anymore the multiple disgrace at the lines, Paulus openly disobeyed Hitler's command and surrendered.
But once back in Germany, Hitler didn't pass him by arms, and instead took Paulus military degree back, leaving him alive and unmolested.
Now, I myself am far to pass a judgement about Hitler's military wisdom, or to say it in other words have I been in his shoes I would remain an amateur painter and grow my grandsons.
But I wanted to stick to my point, and it is that by no means he was a stupid man. You can be a highly enligthened one, and still be a mass murderer at the same time.
Cheers,
Ruben
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